Voxelize Points

This example will demonstrate how to connect a set of points defined on a regular grid to create a vtkUnstructuredGrid which can be used to perform volumetric operations.

This example demos PVGeo.filters.VoxelizePoints

# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2
import pandas as pd
import pooch
import pyvista

import PVGeo

Download sample data files and keep track of names:

url = "https://github.com/OpenGeoVis/PVGeo/raw/main/tests/data/fault_points.csv"
file_path = pooch.retrieve(url=url, known_hash=None)

Let’s go ahead and load a simple file that has XYZ coordinates and a boolean array for fault presence. This point cloud makes some sort of regular grid, but we have forgotten the details of the cell spacings and local coordinate rotations.

We will read in this data with pandas and send it to the PVGeo.points_to_poly_data() helper to create a pyvista.PolyData object (essentially a point cloud).

points = pd.read_csv(file_path)
print(points[0:2])

            X            Y       Z  Fault
0  326819.497  4407450.636  1287.5      0
1  326834.340  4407470.753  1287.5      0

vtkpoints = PVGeo.points_to_poly_data(points)
vtkpoints

Header	Data Arrays
PolyData Information N Cells 499200 N Points 499200 N Strips 0 X Bounds 3.268e+05, 3.302e+05 Y Bounds 4.406e+06, 4.410e+06 Z Bounds 1.250e+01, 1.288e+03 N Arrays 1	Name Field Type N Comp Min Max Fault Points float64 1 0.000e+00 1.000e+00

Note that we have a pyvista.PolyData object now which allows us to do all types of immediate plotting of our data. First, lets threshold our points as the point cloud has a bunch of zeros and ones throughout the dataspace to describe the presence of a fault.

To threshold the points, we call the threshold filter directly on our data object and pass the thresholding value. We can then plot the result by calling the plot function. (Note: change the notebook parameter to False for an interactive window)

vtkpoints.plot(clim=[0, 1], point_size=1)

Static Scene

Interactive Scene

Points to Voxelized Volume

The above figure is pretty cool! But it is a point cloud which means out filtering options are pretty limited. Fortunately, we know that the point cloud represents some sort of regularized gridded volume of data and PVGeo has a filter to recover that volume. This will allow further volumetric operations can be performed with other PVGeo or VTK filters.

Remember that these points are rotated and we do not know the cell sizes… this is okay! The VoxelizePoints filter from PVGeo will handle the recovery of the coordinate rotation and grid our data without running an interpolation scheme. The VoxelizePoints filter assumes that the points are structured on some rotated XY-plane with regular cell spacings and does the rest on its own! Check out VoxelizePoints code docs for more details. The full pipeline method

print("Voxelizing... ", end="")
voxelizer = PVGeo.filters.VoxelizePoints()
grid = voxelizer.apply(vtkpoints)
print("done.")

# Output the results
print("Recovered Angle (deg.): %.3f" % voxelizer.get_angle())
print("Recovered Cell Sizes: (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f)" % voxelizer.get_spacing())
grid

Voxelizing... done.
Recovered Angle (deg.): 53.550
Recovered Cell Sizes: (25.00, 25.00, 25.00)

Header	Data Arrays
UnstructuredGrid Information N Cells 499200 N Points 524064 X Bounds 3.268e+05, 3.302e+05 Y Bounds 4.406e+06, 4.410e+06 Z Bounds 0.000e+00, 1.300e+03 N Arrays 3	Name Field Type N Comp Min Max Fault Cells float64 1 0.000e+00 1.000e+00 Recovered Angle (Deg.) Fields float64 1 5.355e+01 5.355e+01 Recovered Cell Sizes Fields float64 3 2.500e+01 2.500e+01

And now we can plot the voxelized volume

grid.plot()

Static Scene

Interactive Scene

Filter Volumetric Data

Now lets use one of PyVista’s filters to create slices of the thresholded dataset. Specifically, we are using the slice_orthogonal filter that will create 3 orthogonal slices through a data volume.

slices = grid.slice_orthogonal()
slices

Information	Blocks
MultiBlock Values N Blocks 3 X Bounds 326804.336, 330185.260 Y Bounds 4406253.954, 4409862.606 Z Bounds 0.000, 1300.000	Index Name Type 0 YZ PolyData 1 XZ PolyData 2 XY PolyData

And let’s use a clip filter:

clip = grid.clip(normal="x").clip(normal="-y").threshold(0.5)

Now display the slices and clipped volume

p = pyvista.Plotter()
p.add_mesh(slices)
p.add_mesh(clip)
p.show_grid()
p.show()

Static Scene

Interactive Scene